How do I read an apparel inspection report?

Short answer: An inspection report should be read section by section, because the overall result summarises a sampling decision, not the absence of defects. Start with the order details: style, colours, order quantity, quantity presented and how many cartons were packed, since inspection of an incomplete lot may not represent the shipment. Then check the sampling: the inspection level, the sample size drawn and the AQL for each defect class. Under ISO 2859-1, nonconformities can be classified into agreed classes, with the most serious class given the smallest AQL, and each class has its own acceptance and rejection numbers. The result is a pass for a class when the number found is at or below its acceptance number. Next, read the defect list, noting each defect type, its class and how many were found, and look for patterns, such as one defect repeating in one colour or size. Read the measurement table separately, because measurement findings may not be counted in the AQL result. Then check packing, labelling, barcodes, carton marks and quantities, which can fail even when workmanship passes. Finally, look at photos. A pass means the lot met the agreed sampling criteria; it does not mean the defects found are acceptable to ship without correction.

Sections to read

• Order and lot details.
• Sampling plan and AQLs.
• Defects by class.
• Measurements.
• Packing and labelling.
• Photos.

Questions to ask

• Was the whole lot packed?
• Do defects cluster in one colour or size?
• Are measurements counted in the result?
• Were the found defects replaced?

Possible decisions

• Accept and ship.
• Ask for sorting or rework, then ship.
• Re-inspect after rework.
• Discuss the result before deciding.

A worked example

As an illustration, a brand could accept a passed report but ask the factory to replace the defective pieces found and to check one recurring waistband issue on the remaining cartons of that colour before shipping.

Comparing reports over time

Keep reports for each order and compare defect types over time. Repeated issues point to a process problem that should be discussed with the factory before the next order.

Missing information

If a report does not show the sampling plan, AQLs, measured values or photos, ask the inspection provider for them before deciding. A pass or fail without these details is hard to rely on, and it makes comparison between orders difficult.

Limits

Sampling inspection is based on probability. Defects can still exist in pieces that were not sampled, even when a lot passes.

Facts, recommendations and uncertainty

Established: an inspection result reflects sampling criteria by defect class, and measurements and packing need separate reading. Recommendation: read all sections and look for patterns before deciding. Uncertain: the defect level in uninspected pieces.

Sources and further reading

• ISO 2859-1:2026 — Sampling procedures for inspection by attributes (AQL)

Standards and regulations are referenced by their published scope. Test parameters, cycles and pass levels should be agreed with your laboratory for the specific product; legal requirements should be confirmed for each destination market.